This idea of brain implants was started way back in 2019 by Elon Musk, whose vision was to make cerebral implants that will help an individual to control different technological devices, such as a computer, solely using the electrical activity of neurons. So with this objective, he started a startup called 'Neuralink'. This technology will be used to help individuals with various forms of physical disability. For example, for walking by controlling an exoskeleton, for communication by way of a neuroprosthesis for minimally conscious individuals, or for those with complete locked-in syndrome (LIS). (1)
Earlier in 2003 scientists tried to find this kind of device but it failed due to a lack of technological advances. (2) The first success in this field was achieved in the year 2015 when implants showed great potential to positively affect patients following surgery by enhancing their quality of life. (3)
Electrical Brain Stimulation (EBS) via implanted brain electrodes has shown therapeutic benefits in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases. (4)
Brain implants were used to deliver the electrical impulses in the brain to know the effect on mood disorders for the first time in the year 2017. But it raised an ethical concern as it can have access to the thoughts of an individual person. (5) In recent news it stated that a paralyzed man was able to walk with this kind of implant. Neuroscientists and neurosurgeons from EPFL/CHUV/UNIL and CEA/CHUGA/UGA report in the journal Nature that they have re-established the communication between the brain and spinal cord with a wireless digital bridge, allowing a paralyzed person to walk again naturally. (6) We can call this a Human Brain Behind Digital Brain. Thus, we can call this Brain Implants: Neurolink Generator.
What are your thoughts about implants?
Is this going to be a game changer in the field of neuroscience or a threat?
Comment your thoughts...!
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References
1) Fourneret É. The hybridization of the human with brain implants: the neuralink project. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 2020 Oct;29(4):668-72.
2) Sun M, Mickle M, Liang W, Liu Q, Sclabassi RJ. Data communication between brain implants and computer. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2003 Jun;11(2):189-92.
3) Gilbert F. A threat to autonomy? The intrusion of predictive brain implants. Ajob Neuroscience. 2015 Oct 2;6(4):4-11.
4) Kremen V, Brinkmann BH, Kim I, Guragain H, Nasseri M, Magee AL, Attia TP, Nejedly P, Sladky V, Nelson N, Chang SY. Integrating brain implants with local and distributed computing devices: a next generation epilepsy management system. IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine. 2018 Sep 11;6:1-2.
5) Reardon S. AI-controlled brain implants for mood disorders tested in people. Nature. 2017 Nov 30;551(7682).
6) Lorach H, Galvez A, Spagnolo V, Martel F, Karakas S, Intering N, Vat M, Faivre O, Harte C, Komi S, Ravier J. Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface. Nature. 2023 May 24:1-8.
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